Composition mechanisms for retrenchment

Retrenchment is a flexible model evolution formalism that arose as a reaction to the limitations imposed by refinement, and for which the proof obligations feature additional predicates for accommodating design data. Composition mechanisms for retrenchment are studied. Vertical, horizontal, dataflow, parallel and fusion compositions are described. Of particular note are the means by which the additional predicates compose. It is argued that all of the compositions introduced are associative, and that they are mutually coherent. Composition of retrenchment with refinement, so important for the smooth interworking of the two techniques, is discussed. Decomposition, allowing finer grained retrenchments to be extracted from a single large grained retrenchment, is also investigated

Measurement of Pion-Pion Final State Interactions in η → π +π −γ with CLAS at Jefferson Lab

Decays of pseudoscalar mesons proceed from the chiral anomaly, which arises from spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking. In the limit of massless quarks (chiral limit), the η → π +π −γ the decay width is determined solely by the box anomaly term in the Wess Zumino Witten Lagrangian. Since the physical quarks are not massless, the decay region of the η meson is far from the chiral limit and thus proper inclusion of the momentum dependence is essential to reproduce the measured decay width. Several theoretical frameworks have been proposed to describe these interactions. We report a new measurement of the α parameter which measures the contribution of pion-pion final state interactions to the differential decay width. The data was collected during the g11a run period using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer located in Hall B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in 2004. The data was collected using a tagged photon beam with energy range of 1.5-3.5 GeV incident on a liquid Hydrogen target. Our results are in agreement with the latest experimental measurement and theoretical calculation

Measurement of the production cross section of jets in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of the production of jets of particles in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV are presented, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb−1 collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Inclusive and differential jet cross sections in Z events, with Z decaying into electron or muon pairs, are measured for jets with transverse momentum p T > 30 GeV and rapidity |y| < 4.4. The results are compared to next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations, and to predictions from different Monte Carlo generators based on leading-order and next-to-leading-order matrix elements supplemented by parton showers

Dynamics of isolated-photon plus jet production in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The dynamics of isolated-photon plus jet production in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV has been studied with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using an integrated luminosity of 37 pb−1. Measurements of isolated-photon plus jet bin-averaged cross sections are presented as functions of photon transverse energy, jet transverse momentum and jet rapidity. In addition, the bin-averaged cross sections as functions of the difference between the azimuthal angles of the photon and the jet, the photon–jet invariant mass and the scattering angle in the photon–jet centre-of-mass frame have been measured. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations are compared to the measurements and provide a good description of the data, except for the case of the azimuthal opening angle

Measurement of jet shapes in top-quark pair events at √s =7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

A measurement of jet shapes in top-quark pair events using 1.8 fb−1 of √s=7 TeV pp collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. Samples of top-quark pair events are selected in both the single-lepton and dilepton final states. The differential and integrated shapes of the jets initiated by bottom-quarks from the top-quark decays are compared with those of the jets originated by light-quarks from the hadronic W-boson decays W→qq¯′ in the single-lepton channel. The light-quark jets are found to have a narrower distribution of the momentum flow inside the jet area than b-quark jets

Dark state adiabatic passage with branched networks and high-spin systems: Spin separation and entanglement

Adiabatic methods are potentially important for quantum information protocols because of their robustness against many sources of technical and fundamental noise. They are particularly useful for quantum transport, and in some cases elementary quantum gates. Here, we explore the extension of a particular protocol, dark state adiabatic passage, where a spin state is transported across a branched network of initialized spins, comprising one &quot;input&quot; spin, and multiple leaf spins. We find that maximal entanglement is generated in systems of spin-half particles, or where the system is limited to one excitation

Measurement of the differential cross-section of B + meson production in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV at ATLAS

The production cross-section of B + mesons is measured as a function of transverse momentum p T and rapidity y in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energy s√=7 TeV, using 2.4 fb−1 of data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The differential production cross-sections, determined in the range 9 GeV < p T < 120 GeV and |y| < 2.25, are compared to next-to-leading-order theoretical predictions

Measurement of the azimuthal angle dependence of inclusive jet yields in Pb+Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of the variation of inclusive jet suppression as a function of relative azimuthal angle, Δϕ, with respect to the elliptic event plane provide insight into the path-length dependence of jet quenching. ATLAS has measured the Δϕ dependence of jet yields in 0.14  nb-1 of √sNN=2.76  TeV Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC for jet transverse momenta pT>45  GeV in different collision centrality bins using an underlying event subtraction procedure that accounts for elliptic flow. The variation of the jet yield with Δϕ was characterized by the parameter, v2jet, and the ratio of out-of-plane (Δϕ∼π/2) to in-plane (Δϕ∼0) yields. Nonzero v2jet values were measured in all centrality bins for pT<160  GeV. The jet yields are observed to vary by as much as 20% between in-plane and out-of-plane directions

Measurement of the production cross section of prompt J/ψ mesons in association with a W± boson in pp collisions at p s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The process pp → W±J/ψ provides a powerful probe of the production mechanism of charmonium in hadronic collisions, and is also sensitive to multiple parton interactions in the colliding protons. Using the 2011 ATLAS dataset of 4.5 fb-1 of p s = 7TeV pp collisions at the LHC, the first observation is made of the production of W± + prompt J/ events in hadronic collisions, using W± → μ and J/ψ → μ+μ-. A yield of 27.4±7.5 -6.5 W± + prompt J/ψ events is observed, with a statistical significance of 5.1. The production rate as a ratio to the inclusive W± boson production rate is measured, and the double parton scattering contribution to the cross section is estimated

Search for direct third-generation squark pair production in final states with missing transverse momentum and two b-jets in √s=8 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for pair production of supersymmetric partners of the Standard Model third-generation quarks are reported. This search uses 20.1 fb−1 of pp collisions at √s=8 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The lightest bottom and top squarks ( b˜1 and t˜1 respectively) are searched for in a final state with large missing transverse momentum and two jets identified as originating from b-quarks. No excess of events above the expected level of Standard Model background is found. The results are used to set upper limits on the visible cross section for processes beyond the Standard Model. Exclusion limits at the 95 % confidence level on the masses of the third-generation squarks are derived in phenomenological supersymmetric R-parity-conserving models in which either the bottom or the top squark is the lightest squark. The b˜1 is assumed to decay via b˜1→b∼χ01 and the t˜1 via t˜1→b∼χ1± , with undetectable products of the subsequent decay of the ∼χ1± due to the small mass splitting between the ∼χ1± and the ∼χ01